How to use SSH/SFTP

The PuTTY FTP client is normally found here: Start Programs PuTTY PSFTP
An extra input window will now open. Please enter the following here:

cat (concatenate)
With this command, you can display the content of files on the screen or have them written to a different file. For example:
cat filename displays the content of the file on your screen.
cat file1> file2 copies the content in File1 to File2 and also creates a new File2 if necessary.
If the content of File1 should be appended to the content of File2, ">>" will need to be used instead of ">"."

cd (change directory)
This command allows you to change to superordinate and subordinate directories. In order to change to a sub-directory, enter the command
cd Directory name return key
In order to change to a superordinate directory, enter the command
cd .. Return key.
In contrast to the DOS command, a space must be entered between cd and ..

chmod (change mode)
With this command, you can change the access rights for a file. The command structure is:
chmod rights assignment file name
Different access rights, particularly r (read), w (write) and x (execute), can be set individually for u (user), g (group) and o (others) As an alternative to the aforementioned symbolic specifications, the access rights can also be specified as octal numbers (for example, 755).

cp (copy)
You can copy files with this command. For example:
cp file name directory name

diff
This command makes it possible to compare two files. It shows the lines that are different for both files.
diff file1 file2

du (disk usage)
This command shows you the hard drive space used by directories and files in blocks with each block consisting of 512 bytes. The command structure is:
du [command parameter] [name]
The most important command parameters are:
-s only the total sum.
-a size specification for each file.
-r size specification also for illegible directories and files that cannot be opened.
If no file or directory name is specified via [name] the current directory is used.

env (environment)
This command displays the environment variables on our server, for example, the time zone, the currently active shell or the operating system being used. Sometimes you will need these for CGI scripts.
env return key

exit or logout
You can terminate your SSH session with these commands.
exit return key
logout return key

For self-written scripts, you can use: :

gtar (Archivierungsprogramm)
This command allows you to archive files or directories. This means you can compress several files and directories into a single file. The command structure is:
gtar [-command parameters] File1 [File2,...,FileN] / Directory1 [Directory2,...,DirectoryN]
An overview list of all valid command parameters can be obtained by entering
gtar --help |more

gzip (compression program)
This command makes it possible for you to zip and unzip individual files. The command structure is:
gzip [-command parameter] File name
By entering
gzip -h
If you would like to unzip a file, please enter the following:
If you would like to unzip a file, please enter the following:
gzip -d file name

id
This command shows you the identification number (ID) of the user and the group. The operating system Unix uses the user classes user, group and others.
id return key

ls (list)
This command lists the content of a directory. There are countless parameters for Is; the command structure is:
ls [command parameter] [directoryname]
The most important command parameters are:
-a (all) shows all files, this means also the hidden ones (= all those that start with a period).
-F identifies directories with / and executable files with *.
-l (long Format) lists the content of a directory in a comprehensive format.

mail
With this command, you can open the email program "Mail".

more
This command shows a file on the screen one page at a time. The command structure is
more return key
Move to the next page with the space bar; line-by-line scrolling is possible with the return key. You can return to the previous page with "b".

mkdir
You can create a new directory with this command. The command structure is:
mkdir directory name

mv (move)
With this command, you can move and rename a file. The command structure is:
mv old_filename target_dir/new_filename or
mv old_filename new_filename or
mv old_filename target_dir/old_filename

perl or perl5
This command starts Perl, Version 5.

pwd (print working directory)
This command displays the directory you are currently in on the screen.
pwd return key

rm (remove)
You can delete the files with this command. The command structure is:
rm File name

rmdir (remove directory)
With this command, you can delete a directory if it is empty. The command structure is:
rmdir directory name

sed (Stream Editor)
This command opens the Stream Editor. The Stream Editor makes it possible to change files through pattern matching and replacements.

sh (Bourne Shell)
This command starts the Bourne Shell.

sleep
Stops the currently running program for the time specified in seconds.
sleep no._of_seconds

tcsh (Th Shell)
This command starts the th Shell.